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The term pink diamond is commonly used in the diamond trade to describe several shades of color from pale reddish to light purple to a soft violet. The deeper the shade of pink, the more rare and valuable the stone. Some are only faintly pink and with a smaller stone, the color can be nearly unnoticeable. It's easier to see the pink color in a larger stone but the larger the gemstone, the more unusual it is.
Natural fancy coloured diamonds are very rare and expensive. Pink is one of the rarest and most desirable colours. The Darya-i-Nur diamond is the largest pink diamond in the world at about 185 carats.
Scientists still do not fully understand the cause of the pink colour. Usually colour is caused by impurities, but Argyle pink diamonds are very pure. They are found in a rock called Lamproite that appears to have had a particularly violent journey through the earths crust. (All other diamonds were transported to the earth's surface in a rock called Kimberlite). The pink diamond is indeed special in how it looks and how it is produced.
The origin of the color in pink and red diamonds is a mystery, says Dr. Emmanuel Fritsch, a professor of physics at the University of Nantes, France, and an expert on the origin of color in gemstones. In the book The Nature of Diamonds (Cambridge Press and the American Museum of Natural History), Fritsch explains, "The color is due totally or in part to a color center resulting from deformation. [A deformation refers to a mistake in atomic arrangement or missing atoms. These deformations are known as 'color centers' and may also contain color-causing impurities]. However, the atomic details of the center, and whether it incorporates an impurity, remain mysteries."
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